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研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解

作者:kasami 欄目:模擬技術
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解
這篇文章對閱讀資料很用參考價值,請關注。






標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解




Understanding and Interpreting


Standard-Logic Data Sheets


TI 標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊


術語符號的解釋與理解





原著:Stephen M. Nolan and JOSE M. Soltero


翻譯:kasami



ABSTRACT 摘要


[001]

[001]

Texas Instruments (TI) standard-LOGIC PRODUCTs data sheets include descriptions of functionality and electrical specifications for the DEVICEs. Each specification includes acronyms, numerical limits, and TEST conditions that may be foreign to the user. The proper understanding and interpretation of the direct, and sometimes implied, meanings of these specifications is essential to correct PRODUCT selection and associated CIRCUIT design. This application report explains each data-sheet parameter in detail, how it affects the DEVICE, and, more important, how it impacts the application. This will enable component and system-design engineers to derive the maximum benefit from TI LOGIC DEVICEs.

德洲儀器(TI)標準邏輯產品數(shù)據(jù)手冊包括器件的功能和電子規(guī)格的描述。各個規(guī)格包括首字母縮略詞、數(shù)字界定和測試條件,這些對于用戶來說可能比較陌生。適當?shù)睦斫、直接的解釋,或暗示,對于糾正產品選擇和有關的電路設計是非常必要的。這個應用報告詳細解釋數(shù)據(jù)手冊中的各個參數(shù),包括它們是如何影響器件的,更重要的是,它們是如何影響應用的。這將使得組件和系統(tǒng)設計工程師從TI邏輯器件中獲得最大好處。

[譯者語]個別地方(如:component)因認識有限和理解不到位,翻譯中頗感困惑。也許要到翻譯完成后才能得到正確的認識和理解。




說明:根據(jù)一位網友的建議,現(xiàn)試著以學習的態(tài)度來翻譯這篇文章,請大家多加點評,多多指教。需要大家諒解的是,因沒有保存鏈接,需要原文,請到TI網站查找,也誠望先找到的朋友跟帖提供鏈接,學生在此先謝過大家了!        

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-24 0:41:35 修改者:IC921

2樓: >>參與討論
IC921
kasami同學大膽翻譯,請大家大力支持!!

kasami同學大膽翻譯,請大家大力支持!



3樓: >>參與討論
IC921
附圖鏈接和文章推薦

No.

圖  號

鏈  接

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Understanding and Interpreting Standard-Logic Data Sheets 圖1.jpg (73264)

http://www.21icsearch.com/buzi/upimage/upfile/2005415026460.jpg

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原文鏈接

http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/szza036b/szza036b.pdf


* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-24 21:57:53 修改者:IC921

4樓: >>參與討論
akaer
Thanks, kasami!
感覺你的譯文質量不錯,與原文挺貼的。另外你第一次參加研討翻譯活動就能做到如此規(guī)范,實在難得!

這一段中,有一個地方和你探討:electrical specifications,我覺得翻譯成“電氣指標”更好些。

期待你后面的作品!


* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-13 23:01:02 修改者:akaer

http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/szza036b/szza036b.pdf

5樓: >>參與討論
IC921
文件目錄(僅作為分節(jié)之參考)
附圖列表    2
ABSTRACT 摘要    3
正文目錄    4
1 Introduction 導言    7
2 Top-Level Look at the TI LOGIC Data Sheet    7
2.1 Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION    8
2.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings    10
2.3 Recommended Operating Conditions 推薦工作條件    11
2.4 Electrical Characteristics    13
2.5 Live-Insertion Specifications    14
2.6 Timing Requirements    15
2.7 Switching Characteristics    16
2.8 Noise Characteristics    17
2.9 Operating Characteristics    17
2.10 Parameter Measurement Information    18
3 Dissecting the TI LOGIC Data Sheet    19
3.1 Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION    20
3.1.1 Title, Literature NUMBER, and Dates of Origination and Revision    20
3.1.1.1 Example:    20
3.1.1.2 Level-Shifting DIODE (D)    24
3.1.1.3 Bus-Hold (H)    25
3.1.1.4 Damping RESISTOR on Inputs/OUTPUTs (R)    26
3.1.1.5 Schottky Clamping DIODE (S)    26
3.1.1.6 Undershoot-Protection Circuitry (K)    27
3.1.1.7 Power-Up 3-State (Z)    28
3.1.2 Features Bullets    29
3.1.3 PACKAGE Options and Pinouts    30
3.1.4 DESCRIPTION    31
3.1.5 BGA Packaging Top-View Illustrations and Pin-Assignments Table    31
3.1.6 Ordering Information    31
3.1.7 Function Table    33
3.1.8 LOGIC Diagram    36
3.1.9 PRODUCT Development Stage Note    37
3.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings    38
3.2.1 Supply Voltage, VCC    38
3.2.2 Input Voltage, VI    38
3.2.3 OUTPUT Voltage, VO    39
3.2.4 Voltage Range Applied to Any OUTPUT in the High-Impedance or Power-Off State, VO    40
3.2.5 Voltage Range Applied to Any OUTPUT in the High State, VO    41
3.2.6 Input Clamp Current, IIK    41
3.2.7 OUTPUT Clamp Current, IOK    42
3.2.8 Continuous OUTPUT Current, IO    42
3.2.9 Continuous Current Through VCC or GND Terminals    42
3.2.10 PACKAGE THERMAL Impedance, Junction-to-Ambient, θJA    42
3.2.11 Storage Temperature Range, Tstg    43
3.3 Recommended Operating Conditions 推薦工作條件    43
3.3.1 VCC Supply Voltage    43
3.3.2 BIAS VCC Bias Supply Voltage    44
3.3.3 VTT Termination Voltage    44
3.3.4 Vref Reference Voltage    45
3.3.5 VIH High-Level Input Voltage    45
3.3.6 VIL Low-level Input Voltage    47
3.3.7 IOH High-Level OUTPUT Current    49
3.3.8 IOHS Static High-Level OUTPUT Current    49
3.3.9 IOL Low-Level OUTPUT Current    50
3.3.10 IOLS Static Low-Level OUTPUT Current    51
3.3.11 VI Input Voltage    52
3.3.12 VO OUTPUT Voltage    53
3.3.13 Δt /Δv  Input Transition Rise or Fall Rate    54
3.3.14 Δt /ΔVCC Power-up Ramp Rate    55
3.3.15 TA Operating Free-Air Temperature    55
3.4 Electrical Characteristics    59
3.4.1 VT+ Positive-Going Input Threshold Level    59
3.4.2 VT– Negative-Going Input Threshold Level    60
3.4.3 ΔVT Hysteresis (VT+ – VT–)    60
3.4.4 VIK Input Clamp Voltage    63
3.4.5 VOH High-Level OUTPUT Voltage    63
3.4.6 VOHS Static High-level OUTPUT Voltage    64
3.4.7 VOL Low-Level OUTPUT Voltage    65
3.4.8 VOLS Static Low-Level OUTPUT Voltage    65
3.4.9 ron On-State Resistance    66
3.4.10 II Input Current    66
3.4.11 IIH High-Level Input Current    67
3.4.12 IIL Low-Level Input Current    68
3.4.13 II(hold) Input Hold Current    68
3.4.13 IBHH Bus-Hold High Sustaining Current    70
3.4.14 IBHL Bus-Hold Low Sustaining Current    71
3.4.15 IBHHO Bus-Hold High Overdrive Current    71
3.4.16 IBHLO Bus-Hold Low Overdrive Current    71
3.4.17 Ioff Input/OUTPUT Power-Off Leakage Current    72
3.4.18 IOZ Off-State (High-Impedance State) OUTPUT Current (of a 3-State OUTPUT)    74
3.4.19 IOZH Off-State OUTPUT Current With High-Level Voltage Applied    75
3.4.20 IOZL Off-State OUTPUT Current With Low-Level Voltage Applied    76
3.4.21 IOZPD Power-Down Off-State (High-Impedance State) OUTPUT Current (of a 3-State OUTPUT)    77
3.4.22 IOZPU Power-Up Off-State (High-Impedance State) OUTPUT Current (of a 3-State OUTPUT)    79
3.4.23 ICEX OUTPUT High Leakage Current    79
3.4.24 ICC Supply Current    80
3.4.25 ΔICC Supply-Current Change    80
3.4.26 Ci Input Capacitance    81
3.4.27 Cio Input/OUTPUT Capacitance    82
3.4.29 Co OUTPUT Capacitance    83
3.5 Live-Insertion Specifications    83
3.5.1 ICC (BIAS VCC) BIAS VCC Current    83
3.5.2 VO OUTPUT Bias Voltage    84
3.5.3 IO OUTPUT Bias Current    84
3.6 Timing Requirements    84
3.6.1 fclock Clock Frequency    84
3.6.2 tw PULSE Duration (Width)    85
3.6.3 tsu Setup Time    86
3.6.4 th Hold Time    87
3.7 Switching Characteristics    89
3.7.1 fmax Maximum Clock Frequency    89
3.7.2 tpd Propagation Delay Time    90
3.7.3 tPHL Propagation Delay Time, High-Level to Low-Level OUTPUT    91
3.7.4 tPLH Propagation Delay Time, Low-Level to High-Level OUTPUT    92
3.7.5 ten Enable Time (of a 3-State or Open-Collector OUTPUT)    93
3.7.6 tPZH Enable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) to High Level    93
3.7.8 tPZL Enable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) to Low Level    94
3.7.9 tdis Disable Time (of a 3-State or Open-Collector OUTPUT)    95
3.7.10 tPHZ Disable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) From High Level    95
3.7.11 tPLZ Disable Time (of a 3-State OUTPUT) From Low Level    96
3.7.12 tf Fall Time    96
3.7.13 tr Rise Time    96
3.7.14 Slew Rate    97
3.7.15 tsk(i) Input Skew    97
3.7.16 tsk(l) Limit Skew    97
3.7.17 tsk(o) OUTPUT Skew    98
3.7.18 tsk(p) PULSE Skew    98
3.7.19 tsk(pr) PROCESS Skew    99
3.8 Noise Characterist
6樓: >>參與討論
kasami
TI技術文章翻譯:標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解 (2)

Introduction 導言


[002]

[002]

To assist component and system-design engineers in selecting Texas Instruments (TI) standard-LOGIC products, this application report is a synopsis of the information available from a typical TI data sheet. Information includes a brief DESCRIPTION of terms, definitions, and testing procedures currently used for commercial and military specifications. Symbols, terms, and definitions generally are in accordance with those currently agreed upon by the JEDEC Solid State TECHNOLOGY Association for use in the USA and by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for international use. This application report is organized into five main sections:

為幫助組件和系統(tǒng)設計工程師選擇TI標準邏輯產品,這份應用報告是來自于典型TI數(shù)據(jù)冊的有用信息的摘要。這些信息包括術語的簡單描述、定義和現(xiàn)在用于商業(yè)和軍事規(guī)格的測試過程。符號、術語和定義一般與JEDEC和IEC現(xiàn)在允許的協(xié)議有關。這份應用報告包括以下五個部分:

[003]

[003]

1. Introduction
2. Top-Level Look at the TI Data Sheet. Overall layout and component parts of a data sheet are explained.
3. Dissecting the TI LOGIC Data Sheet. JEDEC definition, the TI definition, an explanation, and, where possible, helpful hints are presented for each specification term commonly found in TI LOGIC data sheets.
4. LOGIC Compatibility. Information in TI LOGIC data sheets for determining the interface compatibility between different LOGIC families is explained.
5. End matter, including the Conclusion, Acknowledgments, and References sections.

1. 前言
2. 縱觀TI數(shù)據(jù)手冊。解釋了數(shù)據(jù)手冊的整體結構和組件部分。
3. 分析TI邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊。 JEDEC定義、TI定義和解釋,以及在可能的情況下對TI邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊中常用的每個規(guī)格術語提供了有用的提示
4. 邏輯相容性。解釋了TI邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊中決定不同邏輯結構之間接口相容性的信息。
5. 結尾部分,包括結語、感謝和參考文獻部分。



Top-Level Look at the TI LOGIC Data Sheet



[004]

[004]

The TI LOGIC data sheet presents pertinent technical information for a particular DEVICE and is organized for quick access. This application report dissects a typical TI LOGIC data sheet and describes the organization of all data sheets.
Typically, there are ten sections in TI LOGIC data sheets:
1. Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION
2. Absolute maximum ratings
3. Recommended operating conditions
4. Electrical characteristics
5. Live-insertion specifications
6. Timing requirements
7. Switching characteristics
8. Noise characteristics
9. Operating characteristics
10. Parameter measurement information

TI邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊為特別器件提供相關技術信息并且查詢快捷。這份應用報告分析了典型的TI邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊,描述了所有數(shù)據(jù)手冊的結構。


在TI邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊中一般包括十個部分:
1.器件描述摘要
2.絕對最大額定值
3.推薦工作條件
4.電氣特性
5.即插規(guī)格
6.時序請求
7.開關特性
8.噪聲特性
9.工作特性
10.參數(shù)測量信息
  

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-15 0:13:02 修改者:IC921

7樓: >>參與討論
IC921
[003]2.Top-Level Look at the TI Data Sheet
“縱觀”一詞建議改為“概貌”。

同一句:component parts of a data sheet  作“數(shù)據(jù)手冊的組成部分”更好。

[002]等處的component一詞,感覺不好,但一時找不到合適的詞來表達。

8樓: >>參與討論
kenand
to kasami
abstrct ................
abstract................
我相信這是你的筆誤,

9樓: >>參與討論
kasami
見笑了,的確是筆誤
 
10樓: >>參與討論
kasami
謝謝,我會繼續(xù)努力的,多給意見啊
 
11樓: >>參與討論
kasami
多謝各位
感謝各位的寶貴意見,本人第一次翻譯,有不足之處,請多多指教,謝謝!


12樓: >>參與討論
kasami
electrical specifications “電氣指標”更好
 
13樓: >>參與討論
kasami
我怎么就想不到呢?
Top-Level Look 翻譯成“概貌” ,真是太貼切了,我怎么就想不到呢?佩服

14樓: >>參與討論
宇宙飛船
organized into five main sections這句話的譯法有出入?
This application report is organized into five main sections:
這份應用報告包括以下五個部分:
//-------------------------------------------
這句話如果譯成:這應用報告由主要的五個部份組成。  
就能更符合原來的意思。
organized into  有由。。。。。。構成意思
main sections 其中的main 是修飾 five section.所以要把形容詞修飾部分的意思也準確譯出來才能是上上之作。


15樓: >>參與討論
zhousd
very GOOD!
 
16樓: >>參與討論
kasami
為什么不譯成:這份應用報告由五個主要部分組成
“This application report is organized into five main sections:”譯成“這份應用報告由五個主要部分組成:”豈不是更符合原文意思?

17樓: >>參與討論
zhousd
這才叫水平,宇宙飛船果然是真人
  不出手則已,一但出手,句句分析入木三分,這才叫E文水平。
  我說樓上的kasami 是想同TI 做廣告吧?看你的翻釋貼子沒有一點實力,這樣的水平還好意思在此擺。
  什么叫做E 文水平你知道嗎?好的翻譯文章就是一本現(xiàn)成的語法教材!
  宇宙飛船改正過來后的那句就叫水平!真正的前輩高人也。
    

  

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-14 17:01:48 修改者:zhousd

18樓: >>參與討論
akaer
與zhousd的幾句題外話
網友的評論,不論是批評還是鼓勵,只要亮出觀點,作為研討翻譯活動的參與者,相信都會認為是對自己努力勞動的良好反饋。

不過,我覺得這里首先是一個技術論壇,kasami、我以及很多參與者都是在學習、共享技術的前提下,用這種方式鍛煉英文能力。因此,我以為在信、達、雅的總要求下,是不是可以稍微放松一下,“保信、爭達、望雅”可能更務實些,你說呢?:)



19樓: >>參與討論
IC921
to zhousd:謝謝你來加油,但要注意一點原則
看得出你非常會給飛船加油哪!

但我想說明的一點是,kasami還是學生,譯這篇文章原本是采取我的建議的結果,不要誤會了。嚴格一點地說,做TI廣告我也不夠格,更何況撇開TI廣告的話不說,連TI的文章也不能譯,開這個論壇,也就沒有什么意思了。kasami同學敢于出來到這里檢驗和磨練自己,精神非常可可嘉,要鼓勵,多指導。不要對付出勞動的譯者水平做不適當?shù)脑u論或責難,以免傷害及其本人乃至他人的積極性。這點原則應當掌握好。

這篇文章非;A,能全面了解,不僅對閱讀資料非常有幫助,而且能讓其本人乃至更多人對國際化大公司的規(guī)范性有所感受,這是這篇文章難得的地方之一。

文章實質內容還在后面,請你多多地從技術層面上加以支持。我想,如果你能譯更多TI、ADI等國外大牌的文章,不但是給飛船加油,還會得到更多的歡迎。



20樓: >>參與討論
kasami
thanks ,akaer and IC921
 
21樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
支持一下,順帶點評一下。
如果翻譯具體某個產品的DATA SHEET還有廣告之嫌的話,翻譯這種概述性的材料應該說是一種值得提倡的行為。其實里面所講的內容不往往不只是適用于某一家公司的產品,弄清楚基本概念對閱讀任何一家公司同類產品的DATA SHEET都是有幫助的。

這開頭幾段翻譯得不錯,值得學習。但拍馬的話少說,還是以研討表示支持吧~~~
[002]
To assist component and system-design engineers in selecting Texas Instruments (TI) standard-logic products, this application report is a synopsis of the information available from a typical TI data sheet.
為幫助組件和系統(tǒng)設計工程師選擇TI標準邏輯產品,這份應用報告是來自于典型TI數(shù)據(jù)冊的有用信息的摘要。
意思明確,但讀起來略感別扭。該句開頭的To=In order to,引導的狀語從句可放一主句前面,也可以放到主句后面。我感覺譯文如放到后面讀起來會略微舒服些。但主句的翻譯想來想去還是譯不好,試譯如下:
這份應用報告是對典型的TI數(shù)據(jù)手冊中所提供的信息的一個摘要,目的是為了幫助組件設計工程師和系統(tǒng)設計工程師選擇TI的標準邏輯產品。


Symbols, terms, and definitions generally are in accordance with those currently agreed upon by the JEDEC Solid State TECHNOLOGY Association for use in the USA and by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for international use.
符號、術語和定義一般與JEDEC和IEC現(xiàn)在允許的協(xié)議有關。
in accordance with是與……一致的意思,不是“有關”。試譯:
(本文中)符號、術語、定義一般與JEDEC固態(tài)技術協(xié)會認可在美國國內使用的符號、術語、定義以及國際電工委員會(IEC)認可在國際上使用的符號、術語、定義是一致的。
感覺我的譯文有點冗長,希望有人幫我減減肥:)


* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-14 21:06:02 修改者:asunmad

22樓: >>參與討論
宇宙飛船
to zhousd 老哥您的語氣能平和一點就好
  翻譯一篇長的專業(yè)技術文章不容易,要負出很大的努力和精力,能做到每句都翻譯得很準確是很難的事,kasami 譯出來的質量已經很不錯了,我自問還沒法達到他這個水平,可能是您的水平很高吧,但也不能用這樣的心態(tài)對待別人。我們應該為他打氣,鼓勵才對,萬萬不可用這樣的口氣。
  壇子新開張,需要大家好的建議和參與,希望大家能拋開一切顧慮,敞開胸懷。

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-14 23:08:41 修改者:宇宙飛船

23樓: >>參與討論
kasami
TI技術文章翻譯:標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解(3)

Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION






Figure 1. Example of Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION




[005]

[005]

The absolute maximum ratings section (Figure 2) specifies the STRESS levels that, if exceeded, may cause permanent damage to the DEVICE. However, these are STRESS ratings ONLY, and functional operation of the DEVICE at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Also, exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect DEVICE reliability.

絕對最大額定值部分(圖2)規(guī)定了耐壓等級,如否,就可能對器件造成永久性的損壞。然而,這只是耐壓額定值,器件的實際工作在這種條件或在其它任何條件下超過推薦操作條件是不可取的。另外,在絕對最大額定值條件下工作時間延長可能影響器件的可靠性。

[006]

[006]

As Figure 2 indicates, there are two absolute maximums that may be exceeded under certain conditions. The input and OUTPUT voltage ratings, VI and VO, may be exceeded if the input and OUTPUT maximum clamp-current ratings, IIK and IOK, are observed.

按照圖2所標明的,在一定條件下,有兩個最大值可能被超過。如果觀察輸入和輸出最大箝壓電流額定值IIK和IOK,會發(fā)現(xiàn)輸入和輸出電壓額定值VI和VO已經可能超過。   
  

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-15 0:24:58 修改者:IC921

24樓: >>參與討論
kasami
Live-insertion我不知道怎么翻譯
Live-insertion我不知道怎么翻譯,但是我覺得這個可能和計算機中的即插即用類似,所以這么翻譯了,哪位高手指點一下


25樓: >>參與討論
kasami
謝謝IC921
真的謝謝版主IC921對我的幫助,我翻譯那篇文章也是根據(jù)他的建議!我是研一的學生,以前對自己的英語水平還是蠻自信的,但翻譯起來才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己just so-so,雖然有點難度,但我還是決定堅持下去,繼續(xù)翻譯!翻譯水平有限,懇請各位多多指教!

26樓: >>參與討論
zhousd
Live-insertion 直譯過來就是:熱插入,帶電插入 的意思
也就是USB中的:即插即用 這點您譯得沒有錯呀


* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-15 14:09:53 修改者:zhousd

27樓: >>參與討論
akaer
Reply in English, maybe Chiglish, haha
[005]
STRESS levels: Obviously, voltage ratings is just a PART of the "absolute maximum ratings" section, so I think "耐壓等級" is not suitable here. Maybe "極端使用條件" is better.

The sentence "器件的實際工作在這種條件或在其它任何條件下超過推薦操作條件是不可取的" is a little complicated to me, though no grammar problem founded in it.  I think "functional operation" here means "work as designed, but performance not guaranteed".  

[006]
observed: I think it can be ignored in target sentence since you had used a "條件狀語".  BTW, if you add a "當" in it, it'll better I think.

28樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
Comments on [005]
[005]
However, these are STRESS ratings ONLY, and functional operation of the DEVICE at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied.
然而,這些只是應力等級,并不意味著在這些應力下或者任何其它超過“推薦工作條件”所指定的條件下器件的功能正確。

29樓: >>參與討論
kasami
TI技術文章翻譯:標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解(4)

Absolute Maximum Ratings


絕對最大額定值

[007]

[007]

Helpful Hint:
All currents are defined with respect to conventional current flow into the respective terminal of the integrated CIRCUIT. This means that any current that flows out of the respective terminal is considered to be a negative quantity.

有用的提示:
根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)電流定義,所有流進集成電路各端口的電流都定為正的。也就意味著任何流出端口的電流是負。

[008]

[008]

All limits are given according to the absolute-magnitude convention, with a few exceptions. In this convention, maximum refers to the greater magnitude limit of a range of like-signed VALUEs; if the range includes both positive and negative VALUEs, both limit VALUEs are maximums. MINIMUM refers to the smaller magnitude limit of a range of like-signed VALUEs; if the range includes both positive and negative VALUEs, the MINIMUM is implicitly zero. The most common exceptions to the use of the absolute magnitude convention are temperature and LOGIC levels. Here, zero does not represent the least-possible quantity, so the algebraic convention is commonly accepted. In this case, maximum refers to the most-positive VALUE.
除了少數(shù)的特殊情況外,所有的限制都是根據(jù)絕對參量公約給定的。在該公約里,最大值是指在一些有符號的數(shù)值范圍內的較大值,如果范圍內既包括正值又包括負值,則兩個限制值都是最大值。最小值是指限制在一些有符號的數(shù)值范圍內的較小值,如果范圍內既包括正值又包括負值,那最小值就默認為零。絕對參量公約中最常見的特例就是溫度和邏輯電平。這里,零并不是最不可能的值,因此代數(shù)協(xié)會一般是接受的。在這種情況下,最大值就是指最大正值。[譯者語]首句中的limits不知道是以什么參考來界定的,無法譯出來。Convention也一樣



Figure 2. Example of Absolute Maximum Ratings Section
圖2:絕對最大額定值一節(jié)的示例
 

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-24 0:47:48 修改者:IC921

30樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
感覺convention翻譯為公約有點法律文書的味道
我覺得叫慣例更好些。
[008]
All limits are given according to the absolute-magnitude convention, with a few exceptions.
除少數(shù)特例外,極限值都是按照絕對值幅度慣例給出的。

31樓: >>參與討論
kasami
convention也想翻譯成“慣例”的,但結合下文感覺不合適
 
32樓: >>參與討論
ic921
“....also known as features bullets”
最新版本

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-16 19:19:52 修改者:ic921

33樓: >>參與討論
kasami
TI技術文章翻譯:標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解(5)

Recommended Operating Conditions


推薦工作條件

[009]

[009]

The first section of a data sheet contains all of the general information about a DEVICE (see Figure 1). This information includes:

數(shù)據(jù)手冊的第一部分包括器件的所有常規(guī)信息。這些信息包括:

[010]

[010]

1.      Title, literature NUMBER, and dates of origination and revision, as applicable

1.標題、文獻代碼和可采用的原始數(shù)據(jù)和修正數(shù)據(jù)

[011]

[011]

2.      DESCRIPTION of the main features and benefits of the DEVICE, also known as features bullets

器件主要特性和效用的描述,即特性介紹
[譯者語]benefits不知怎么譯,請高人指教

[012]

[012]

3.      PACKAGE options and pinouts

封裝選項和引腳外形排列

[013]

[013]

4.      DESCRIPTION

描述

[014]

[014]

5.      BGA packaging top-view illustration and terminal assignments table, if applicable (not illustrated in Figure 1)

BGA封裝過程演示和終端分配表格,如果可采用的話(圖1為包括)

[015]

[015]

6.      Ordering information

訂購信息

[016]

[016]

7.      Function table

功能表

[017]

[017]

8.      LOGIC diagram (positive LOGIC)

邏輯圖表(正邏輯)

[018]

[018]

9.      Product-development-stage note

產品發(fā)展進度記錄
[譯者語]Product-development-stage是什么東西啊?

[019]

[019]

The recommended operating conditions section of the data sheet sets the conditions over which Texas Instruments specifies DEVICE operation (see Figure 3). These are the conditions that the application CIRCUIT should provide to the DEVICE for it to function as intended. The limits for items that appear in this section are used as TEST conditions for the limits that appear in the electrical characteristics, timing requirements, switching characteristics, and operating conditions sections.

數(shù)據(jù)手冊的推薦工作條件部分根據(jù)TI規(guī)定的器件操作制定(見圖3)。這些是應用電路應該為器件提供的條件以使器件產生所需的功能。本節(jié)中出現(xiàn)的項目限制是在電氣特性、時序要求,開關特性和工作條件幾個小節(jié)中作為測試條件使用的





Figure 3. Example Recommended Operating Conditions Section 圖3:推薦工作條件一節(jié)的示例

NOTE 1: All unused CONTROL inputs of the DEVICE must be held at VCC or GND to ensure proper DEVICE operation. REFER to the TI application report, Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature NUMBER SCBA004.
   

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-24 0:52:12 修改者:IC921

34樓: >>參與討論
ic921
Switching characteristics是否可意譯作“瞬態(tài)特性”?
to akaer :

從原文的我,角度看,有一部分是電氣特性是直流方面的,因此,我認為不宜。

可能你沒有查看原文,只想到動態(tài)方面的去了。

_____________________
對不起,我看電氣特性那去了,你是對的!

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-16 23:23:29 修改者:ic921

35樓: >>參與討論
kasami
佩服akaer

Switching characteristics   是否可意譯作“瞬態(tài)特性”?


初看到這句話時,很是不解,但翻譯到后面才發(fā)現(xiàn),確實應該這么譯
Timing requirements   我也是譯作“時序要求”但好像發(fā)帖時忘記改了

36樓: >>參與討論
kasami
厲害,佩服ing
 
37樓: >>參與討論
kasami
TI技術文章翻譯:標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解(6)

Electrical Characteristics


電氣特性

[020]

[020]

The electrical characteristics over recommended free-air temperature range table, also known in the industry as the dc table, provides the specified electrical-characteristic limits of the DEVICE when tested under the conditions in the recommended operating conditions table, as given specifically for each parameter (see Figure 4).

當在推薦工作條件下進行測試時,推薦大氣溫度范圍表,即工業(yè)中的dc表,提供了器件的限定電氣特性限制,每個參數(shù)特定給出(見圖4)。
[譯者語] under the conditions in the recommended operating conditions table在推薦操作條件下,這樣翻譯可以嘛?table沒有譯出,我感覺意思不受影響

[021]

[021]

Helpful Hint:
Although some parameters, such as Ci and Cio, can be tested with an ac signal, sometimes the electrical characteristics table is called the dc section.

有益提示:
雖然一些參數(shù)可以通過ac信號測試,如Ci和Cio,但有時電氣特性表被稱為dc部分(參數(shù))




Figure 4. Example Electrical-Characteristics Section
圖4:電氣特性一節(jié)的示例
原圖注釋:
On products compliant to MIL-PRF-38535, this parameter is not production tested.
All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V, TA = 25°C.
Unused pins at VCC or GND
This is the bus-hold maximum dynamic current. It is the MINIMUM overdrive current required to SWITCH the input from one state to another.
This is the increase in supply current for each input that is at the specified TTL voltage level, rather than VCC or GND.




Live-Insertion Specifications


即插特性

[022]

[022]

The live-insertion section of the data sheet provides information about the parameters needed for true live insertion. These parameters include Ioff, IOZPU, IOZPD, and BIAS VCC for precharging purposes. An example of a typical live-insertion section is shown in Figure 5.

數(shù)據(jù)手冊的即插部分提供了現(xiàn)場即插需要的參數(shù)。這些參數(shù)包括預先加電的Ioff,、IOZPU、IOZPD和 BIAS VCC。一個典型的即插小節(jié)例子如圖5所示。

Timing Requirements


時序要求

[023]

[023]

The timing requirements section of the data sheet is similar to the recommended operating conditions section (see Figure 6). These are timings that the application CIRCUIT should provide to the DEVICE for it to function as intended. This section addresses the timing relationships between transitions of one or more input signals that are necessary to ensure DEVICE functionality and applies ONLY to sequential-logic DEVICEs (e.g., flip-flops, latches, and registers).

數(shù)據(jù)手冊的時序要求是與推薦工作條件小節(jié)類似的(見圖6)。應用電路應該為器件提供這些是時序,這樣器件就可以發(fā)揮出應有的作用。本節(jié)為一個或更多輸入信號之間的時序關系提供尋址,這些輸入信號是使器件發(fā)揮作用的必須信號,并且只應用于順序邏輯器件 (比如觸發(fā)器、鎖存寄存器和寄存器)。

Switching Characteristics


瞬態(tài)特性

[024]

[024]

The SWITCHing characteristics section of the data sheet, also known in the industry as the ac table, includes those parameters that specify how FAST the outputs will respond to signal changes at the inputs under specified conditions of supply voltage, temperature, and load (see Figure 7).

數(shù)據(jù)手冊的瞬態(tài)特性部分,即工業(yè)中的ac表,包括以下的參數(shù)。這些參數(shù)規(guī)定:當輸入信號工作在規(guī)定條件下,即規(guī)定電源電壓、溫度和負載時,輸出對信號變化的響應的快慢程度(見圖7)。

[025]

[025]

Helpful Hint:
The SWITCHing characteristics table sometimes is called the ac section, and should not be confused with the ac small-signal performance because SWITCHing characteristics describe the large-signal transient response of the CIRCUIT.

有益提示:
瞬態(tài)特性有時被叫做ac表,但不能把它與ac小信號特性混淆,因為瞬態(tài)特性描述的是電路的大信號瞬態(tài)響應




Live-insertion specifications for B PORT over recommended operating free-air temperature range


Figure 5. Example Live-Insertion Section
圖5 即插小節(jié)示例
  

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-24 0:56:42 修改者:IC921

38樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
comments: address, etc.
[023]
This section addresses the timing relationships between transitions of one or more input signals that are necessary to ensure DEVICE functionality and applies ONLY to sequential-logic DEVICEs (e.g., flip-flops, latches, and registers).

本節(jié)為一個或更多輸入信號之間的時序關系提供尋址,這些輸入信號是使器件發(fā)揮作用的必須信號,并且只應用于順序邏輯器件 (比如觸發(fā)器、鎖存寄存器和寄存器)。

這部分譯文值得商確。
這句中的address不是“尋址”的意思,是“處理(解決)……問題”,“說明(某某主題)”的意思。
從語法結構上看,全句為一個并列句(不是主從句),這addresses……和applies……并列,這可以從applies的數(shù)看出。

改譯:
本節(jié)說明一個或多個輸入信號的轉變沿之間的時序關系,這些時序關系對保證器件的功能是必須的。本節(jié)只適用于時序電路(如觸發(fā)器、鎖存器和寄存器)。

另外,第[020]段的under the conditions in the recommended operating conditions table翻譯為“在推薦操作條件下”,意思已經基本達到了,但我不主張這么翻譯。因為“在推薦操作條件下”的英語完全可以說成“under the  recommended operating conditions”,這種說法在英語里也絲毫不比原文中的說法拗口或冷僻,原文采用了更冗長的說法,不是因為英語與漢語的差異,而完全寫作風格的差異,這種情況應該在譯文中體現(xiàn)出來。而且“recommended operating conditions table”是一個實實在在存在的表格,看到這就可以知道可以直接去翻表格。所以,我覺得原樣譯為“在推薦工作條件表中所規(guī)定的條件下”比較忠實原文。


39樓: >>參與討論
kasami
sequential-LOGIC DEVICEs  “時序電路”?
DEVICE  做名詞時,是“ 器件,設備,裝置”的意思,有個詞語,LOGIC DEVICE
是“ 邏輯設備”的意思,樓上的把sequential-LOGIC DEVICEs 翻譯成 “時序電路”?,學生有點不解,請詳細指教,拜托了
另外,[020]那句話翻譯得真是很好,我忍不住又要說一次“佩服”!


40樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
sequential-logic DEVICE: 時序邏輯器件
我寫成“時序電路”是因為平時說這個詞說習慣了,叫時序邏輯器件更準確些——雖然它們的意思差不多。
sequential在這里肯定是譯成“時序”比較符號中國大陸的習慣,它是與“Combinational”(組合的)相對應的。

PS:
另外,[020]那句話翻譯得真是很好,我忍不住又要說一次“佩服”!

這話好象有點不對勁啊~~~~我的一切點評都僅限于技術層面的探討,不當之處敬請見諒~~~~

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-17 13:07:42 修改者:asunmad

41樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
features bullets中的bullet我曾懷疑應是bulletin
從網上的確可以找到features bulletin或features bulletin board的說法,但即使如此,我也找不到合適的翻譯。

42樓: >>參與討論
kasami
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解(7)

2.8 Noise Characteristics


噪聲特性

[026]

[026]

This section indicates a DEVICE’s noise performance due to POWER-rail and ground-rail bounce associated with the high peak currents during dynamic switching (see Figure 8).

本節(jié)表明了器件的噪聲特性,取決于動態(tài)轉換期間受峰值電流影響的電源電位和地電位抖動(見圖8)


noise characteristics, VCC = 5 V, CL = 50 pF, TA = 25°C (see Note 4)

NOTE 2: Characteristics are for surface-mount packages ONLY.
Figure 8. Example Noise-Characteristics Section
圖8:噪聲特性小節(jié)的示例



2.9 Operating Characteristics


工作特性

[027]

[027]

The operating characteristics section of the data sheet includes the parameter that specifies the POWER-dissipation capacitance (Cpd) in a CMOS DEVICE (see Figure 9). For additional information on how Cpd is measured and used to calculate total CMOS-DEVICE POWER consumption in the application, REFER to the TI application report, CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation, literature NUMBER SCAA035.

數(shù)據(jù)手冊的工作特性這一節(jié)包括CMOS器件中電源耗散電容(Cpd)參數(shù)的規(guī)定(見圖9)。關于應用時怎樣測量Cpd以及是如何用于計算CMOS器件總功率消耗的附加信息,請參見TI公司的應用報告《CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation》,文獻代碼為:SCAA035
[譯者語]《CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation》這一文件我沒有找過,如哪位熱心的朋友找到,敬請跟提供鏈接,先謝過了。



operating characteristics, TA = 25°C


Figure 9. Example of Operating-Characteristics Section Parameter Measurement Information
圖9:工作特性小節(jié)參數(shù)測量信息的示例




2.10 Parameter Measurement Information


參數(shù)測量信息

[028]

[028]

The parameter measurement information section of the data sheet illustrates the TEST loads and waveforms that are used when TESTing the DEVICE (see Figure 10).

在測試器件時,數(shù)據(jù)手冊的參數(shù)測量信息小節(jié),舉例說明測試負載和測試波形(參見圖10)。





Figure 10. Example Parameter Measurement Information Section
圖10:參數(shù)測量信息小節(jié)的示例

說明:原文沒有小節(jié)編號,閱讀不太方便。從本帖起,譯者對原文的分節(jié)作了加注小節(jié)編號的處理,個別地方如有不妥,有請各位朋友指正。
     

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-4-20 23:14:48 修改者:IC921

43樓: >>參與討論
ic921
CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation
CMOS POWER Consumption and Cpd Calculation

鏈接:http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scaa035b/scaa035b.pdf

http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scaa035b/scaa035b.pdf

44樓: >>參與討論
gyfeng1017
太好了
  

   到這里逛一圈,真能學到不少東西.以后我要每天都堅持來這里學英語.這里的英文翻譯都很不錯.

45樓: >>參與討論
kasami
實在抱歉!
    51期間仔細看了一下這篇文章,覺得本篇和我的專業(yè)方向有較大出入,很多名詞對我來說非常陌生,俗話說,隔行如隔山,繼續(xù)翻譯,感覺力不從心。時間緊迫,我還是想將時間充分用到自己的專業(yè)學習上去。深思后決定,不再翻譯下去了。在此,感謝各位的支持,請各位理解與原諒。
    另外,在翻譯上述內容的過程中,一位網友給了我很多有益建議,在此表示感謝。

46樓: >>參與討論
kasami
有哪位愿意繼續(xù)翻譯的話,可以直接和IC921聯(lián)系
    對于不能繼續(xù)翻譯的事情,在下十分抱歉。剛才版主IC921發(fā)消息說,讓我就版權的事情再交代一下,我覺得十分慚愧,我翻譯的內容也不多,只是發(fā)上來大家一起學習,而且我已經停止翻譯了,版權的事情就和我無關了。如果哪位愿意繼續(xù)翻譯的話,可以直接和IC921聯(lián)系,他那里有原始資料。在這里先謝謝IC921了。
    另外,我的用戶名馬上轉給別人了,所以這篇翻譯到底能否進行下去,和kasami這個用戶就沒有關系了。
    最后,謝謝各位的支持。


47樓: >>參與討論
IC921
我已經譯了一些,等一下先接上
謝謝kasami,這本身是不能耽誤自己學習和工作的課余/業(yè)余活動,相信大家會理解的。如果無人接續(xù)而由我譯完,版權的問題我會好好考慮你的。

相信你很有志,祝早出成就!

48樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解029~032+

3.1 Summary DEVICE DESCRIPTION 器件描述摘要

3.1.1 Title, Literature NUMBER, and Dates of Origination and Revision


標題、文獻編碼、數(shù)據(jù)源和版本

[030]

[030]

The DEVICE NUMBER and title appear at the top of every page. The DEVICE NUMBER is the NUMBER of the parent DEVICE. The fully qualified PART NUMBER for a specific DEVICE can be found in the Orderable PART NUMBER table. Figure 11 is a chart to help decode information in the TI logic-DEVICE PART NUMBER.

器件代碼和標題出來在每頁的頂部。該器件代碼是父器件代碼。但完整、有效的特定器件代碼請查閱“選購代碼表”,圖11是TI邏輯器件部分代碼的解析圖。
[譯者語] the Orderable PART NUMBER table理解為與訂購有關的代碼表,但目前未找出具體的實例與之對應。請大家跟帖補一個吧。

[031]

[031]

The literature NUMBER is a unique identifier used by TI to identify, store, and retrieve a data sheet in internal files.

文獻代碼是內部文件的唯一標識符,它由TI定義、存儲和找回數(shù)據(jù)手冊。

[032]

[032]

The month and year of origination is the first date of publication of the data sheet. If a data sheet is MODIFIED, the revision date (month and year) is added. If there are multiple revisions, ONLY the latest revision date appears.

其中的年月是第一版數(shù)據(jù)手冊的出版日期。如果數(shù)據(jù)表被修改,修訂日期(年月)推后。如果有多次修訂,則只給出最新版本修訂日期。


Example 實例:




1 STANDARD Prefix

適用標準的前綴

Examples:


SN –STANDARD Prefix

標準前綴

SNJ –Conforms to MIL-PRF-38535 (QML)

SNJ:符合MIL-PRF-38535 (QML的(前綴)



2 Temperature Range

2 濕度范圍

Examples:

例:

54 –Military

54:軍用

74 –Commercial

74:商用



3 Family

3 系列

Examples:


Blank = Transistor-Transistor LOGIC (TTL)

空白:TTL邏輯

ABT –ADVANCED BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY

ABT:改進BiCMOS技術

ABTE/ETL –ADVANCED BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY/ Enhanced Transceiver LOGIC

ABTE/ETL:改進BiCMOS技術或ETL

AC/ACT –ADVANCED CMOS LOGIC

AC/ACT:改進CMOS邏輯

AHC/AHCT –ADVANCED High-Speed CMOS LOGIC

AHC/AHCT:改進CMOS邏輯

ALB –ADVANCED Low-Voltage BiCMOS

ALB:改進的低電壓BiCMOS

ALS –ADVANCED Low-Power Schottky LOGIC

ALS:改進的低功耗肖特基邏輯

ALVC –ADVANCED Low-Voltage CMOS TECHNOLOGY

ALVC:改進的低電壓CMOS技術

ALVT –ADVANCED Low-Voltage BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY

ALVT:改進的低電壓 BiCMOS技術

AS –ADVANCED Schottky LOGIC

AS:改進的肖特基邏輯

AUC –ADVANCED Ultra Low-Voltage CMOS LOGIC

AUC:改進的超低電壓CMOS邏輯

AVC –ADVANCED Very Low-Voltage CMOS LOGIC

AVC:改進的較低電壓CMOS邏輯

BCT –BiCMOS Bus-Interface TECHNOLOGY

BCT:BiCMOS總線接口技術

CBT –Crossbar TECHNOLOGY

CBTCrossbar技術

CBTLV – Low-Voltage Crossbar TECHNOLOGY

CBTLV:低電壓Crossbar技術

CD4000CMOS B-Series Integrated CIRCUITs

CD4000CMOS B系列集成電路

F –F LOGIC

F:F邏輯

FB –Backplane Transceiver LOGIC/Futurebus+

FB:

FCT –FAST CMOS TTL LOGIC

FCT:快速CMOS TTL邏輯

GTL –Gunning Transceiver LOGIC

GTL:

GTLP –Gunning Transceiver LOGIC Plus

GTLP:

HC/HCT –High-Speed CMOS LOGIC

HC/HCT:高速CMOS邏輯

HSTL –High-Speed Transceiver LOGIC

HSTL:高速傳輸邏輯

LS –Low-Power Schottky LOGIC

LS:低功耗肖特基邏輯

LV – Low-Voltage CMOS TECHNOLOGY

LV:低電壓CMOS技術

LVC – Low-Voltage CMOS TECHNOLOGY

LVC:低電壓CMOS技術

LVT – Low-Voltage BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY PCA/PCF –I2C Inter-Integrated CIRCUIT Applications

LVT:低電壓BiCMOS技術PCA/PCF,I2C電路適用。

S –Schottky LOGIC

S:肖特基邏輯

SSTL/SSTV –Stub Series-Terminated LOGIC

SSTL/SSTV:Stub Series-Terminated邏輯

TVC – Translation Voltage Clamp LOGIC

TVC:傳輸電壓嵌位邏輯

VME –VERSAmodule Eurocard Bus TECHNOLOGY

VME:VERSAmodule Eurocard總線技術



4 Special Features

4 特殊性能

Examples:

譯注:在3.1.2~3.1.7節(jié)各項均有詳述

Blank = No Special Features

空白:無特殊性能

C –Configurable VCC (LVCC)

C:可配置電源 (LVCC)

D –Level-Shifting DIODE (CBTD)

D:電平移動二極管 (CBTD)

H –Bus Hold (ALVCH)

H:總線握手 (ALVCH)

K –Undershoot-Protection CIRCUITry (CBTK)

K:負過沖保護 (CBTK)

R –Damping RESISTOR on Inputs/Outputs (LVCR)

R:輸入/輸出阻尼電阻 (LVCR)

S –Schottky Clamping DIODE (CBTS)

S:肖特基箝位二極管 (CBTS)

Z –Power-Up 3-State

Z:上電3態(tài) (LVCZ)



5 Bit Width

5 字長

Examples:


Blank = Gates, MSI, and Octals

空白:門, MSI和8單元

1G –SINGLE Gate
49樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解033~033

3.1.1.1 Configurable VCC (C) 可配置VCC (型號標識代碼為C)


[033]

[033]

Configurable VCC is a feature of devices that are designed as dual-supply level shifters, e.g., SN74LVCC3245 and SN74LVCC4245. Using these devices allows selection of the voltage to be applied to VCC on the B-port side (VCCB) and/or A-port side (VCCA) (see Figure 12).

可配置VCC專用于作為雙電源電平移動的器件特性,如SN74LVCC3245 和 SN74LVCC4245。使用這類器件,允許將VCC加到B口一邊(VCCB)和/或A口一邊(VCCA),見圖12。

Designers can use these devices in existing single-voltage systems. When systems become mixed-voltage systems, these devices do not need to be replaced, allowing for quicker time to market.

設計師可以將這些器件用于單電源系統(tǒng)。當系統(tǒng)成為混合電壓系統(tǒng),這些器件無需替換,可快速面市。






VCCA A PORT

VCCB B PORT

TRANSLATION (BIDIRECTIONAL FLOW)

SN74LVCC3245A

2.3 V–3.6 V

3 V–5.5 V

2.5 V to 3.3 V or 3.3 V to 5 V

SN74LVCC4245A

5 V

3 V–5 V

5 V to 3.3 V


Figure 12. Example of Configurable VCC Devices
圖12:可配置VCC器件的實例

>>返回目錄

50樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解034~034

3.1.1.2 Level-Shifting DIODE (D)


電平移動二極管 (型號標識代碼為D)

[034]

[034]

Devices with D as PART of the DEVICE NUMBER have an integrated DIODE in the VCC LINE. Examples are crossbar switches SN74CBTD3306 (with the integrated DIODE) and SN74CBT3306 (without the integrated DIODE). These DEVICEs allow 5-V to 3.3-V translation if no drive is required. Bidirectional data transmission is allowed between 5-V TTL and 3.3-V LVTTL, whereas ONLY unidirectional level translation is allowed from 5-V CMOS to 3.3-V LVTTL (see Figure 13). The integrated DIODE saves designers both board space and component cost.

器件型號代碼帶有D表示它通過一個整合的二極管再接到VCC電源上。例如,橫向開關SN74CBTD3306(內有內置二極管)與SN74CBT3306(沒有無內置二極管)。這些器件允許5V對3.3V翻譯,如果無驅動能力要求。(這些器件)允許在5V TTL和3.3V LVTTL之間作雙向數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,但是只允許從5V CMOS3.3V LVTTL(參見圖13),僅作單向電平傳輸。內置二極管可使設計師節(jié)省板面空間和元件耗費。
[譯者語]對單向傳輸只能作“5V CMOS3.3V LVTTL”一時不太明白。另外,the integrated DIODE和if no drive is required兩處,前者好象譯得不好,后者實在也不清楚,請大家指點。




Figure 13. CBT vs CBTD With Internal DIODE
圖13:無內置二極管和有內置二極管的比較
>>返回目錄

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-5-12 22:10:19 修改者:IC921

51樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解035~035

3.1.1.3 Bus-Hold (H)


總線握手 (型號標識代碼為H)

[035]

[035]

A bus-hold CIRCUIT is implemented in selected LOGIC families to help solve the floating-input problem inherent in all CMOS inputs (REFER to the application report, Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs, literature NUMBER SCBA004). The bus-hold CIRCUIT maintains the last known input state into the DEVICE and, as an additional benefit, pullup or pulldown resistors no longer are needed (see Figure 14). The advantages of DEVICEs with this CIRCUIT are board-space savings and reduced component costs.

面對所選擇的邏輯系列(器件),解決所有CMOS輸入所固有的浮置輸入難題,總線握手不可避免,(參見應用報告, 《Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs》,文獻代碼SCBA004)?偩握手保證最后的已經輸入狀態(tài)進入到器件內,它另外的好處是不再是需要上拉下拉電阻(參見圖14)。電路中使用這類器件的優(yōu)勢是節(jié)省電路板空間和減少零件耗費。
[譯注]:Implications of Slow or Floating CMOS Inputs的文件鏈接為:
http://www-s.ti.com/sc/psheets/scba004c/scba004c.pdf

52樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解036~036

3.1.1.4 Damping RESISTOR on Inputs/Outputs (R)


輸入輸出阻尼電阻 (型號標識代碼為R)

[036]

[036]

Series damping resistors (SDR), denoted by R in the DEVICE NUMBER, are included at all input/OUTPUT and OUTPUT ports of designated DEVICEs (see Figure 15). The SDRs limit the current, thereby reducing signal undershoot and overshoot noise. Additionally, SDRs make LINE termination easier, which improves signal quality by reducing ringing and LINE reflections.

串聯(lián)阻尼電阻(SDR),在器件型號代碼里用R表示,它們包括指定器件的所有輸入/輸出和輸出端口(參見圖15)。SDR電阻限制電流,因此減少信號負過沖和超越噪聲。另外,SDR電阻能減少振鈴和線路反射,改善信號質量,使線路終端連接更加容易。





Figure 15. Series-Damping-RESISTOR Option
圖15:串聯(lián)衰減電阻的選配
>>返回目錄

53樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解037~037

3.1.1.5 Schottky Clamping DIODE (S)


肖特基箝位二極管 (型號標識代碼為S)

[037]

[037]

Schottky diodes are incorporated in inputs and outputs to clamp undershoot (see Figure 16). The Schottky diodes prevent undershoot signals from dropping below a specified level, reducing the possibility of damage to connected devices by large undershoots that can occur without the Schottky diodes.

肖特基二極管一起對輸入和輸出負過沖進行箝位(參見圖16)。肖特基二極管防止負過沖信號跌進規(guī)定的電平以下,減少接在沒有肖特基二極管時過大的負過沖電壓的器件所可能造成的損害。




Figure 16. Schottky Clamping-DIODE DEVICE Schematic
圖16:肖特基箝位二極管
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54樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解038~038

3.1.1.6 Undershoot-Protection Circuitry (K)


負過沖保護電路 (型號標識代碼為R)

[038]

[038]

TI undershoot-protection circuitry (UPC) functions similarly to Schottky clamping diodes, with one major difference. UPC is an active clamping structure. UPC can greatly reduce undershoot voltage, increasing protection from corrupted data (see Figure 17).

TI負過沖保護電路(UPC)的功能與肖特基箝位二極管類似,其主要區(qū)別是:UPC是一個有源箝位電路結構。UPC能很大地減少負過沖電壓,在惡劣條件下增強保護功能(參見圖17)。
[譯者語]from corrupted data 不再直譯。建議大家平時選擇器件時,多考慮一下這些。



Figure 17. Undershoot-Protection Circuitry in K-Option Devices
圖17:K型配置器件中的負過沖保護電路
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55樓: >>參與討論
IC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解039~039

3.1.1.7 Power-Up 3-State (Z)


上電3態(tài) (型號標識代碼為Z)

[039]

[039]

The POWER-up 3-state (PU3S) feature ensures valid OUTPUT levels during POWER up and ensures the valid high-impedance state during POWER down. The OUTPUT enable pin (/OE) must be tied high (to VCC) through an external pullup RESISTOR (see Figure 18). For more information, see IOZPU and IOZPU specifications in the electrical characteristics section.

上電3態(tài)(PU3S)特點保證上電期間有效的輸出電平和保證掉電時為有效的高阻抗輸出。輸出使能引腳(/OE) 必須通過一個外接的上拉電阻固定到高電位(到VCC) (參見圖18)。更多信息,參見IOZPU和IOZPU規(guī)格在電氣特性(電氣指標)部分。



Figure 18. PU3S CIRCUIT Implementation

>>返回目錄


-=3.1.1節(jié)譯完=-

56樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
3.1.1.2中的單向傳輸
5V CMOS電路的輸出低電平約為0V,輸出高電平約為5V,這組值對于LVTTL電路來說是有效的邏輯電平(雖然高電平比電源還高),所以從CMOS到LVTTL電路的傳輸是沒有問題的。
但LVTTL的輸出高電平太低,無法被5V CMOS電路識別為有效高電平(特殊設計是可以的,但這里應該講的是TI器件的一般情況吧),所以不能反過來傳輸。
the integrated DIODE譯成集成二極管或內置二極管應該都可以。
if no drive is required中的drive我想應該是指驅動能力,也就是對驅動能力沒有要求(或者說要求不高),因為驅動能力要求高,電流大時,二極管正向壓降會上升,會影響從5V到3.3V的輪換,所以有些一條件吧。

57樓: >>參與討論
ic921
謝謝asunmad!
經你的解釋,總算明白了,雖然當初曾經“機械”地這么想過。

但,關于“the integrated DIODE譯成集成二極管或內置二極管應該都可以”我也想過,但由于不了解實際工藝,就既不敢判斷也不敢肯定了----也許根據(jù)工藝的情況翻譯才是最合適的,你看呢?

58樓: >>參與討論
ic921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解040~045

3.1.2 Features Bullets



[040]

[040]

The features bullets section highlights information about the salient functions, features, and benefits of the DEVICE. Some features bullets provide an indication of functionality and application of the DEVICE, such as “Eight D-type Flip-Flops in a SINGLE PACKAGE”, “3-State OUTPUTs”, “Carry OUTPUT for N-bit Cascading” (for a binary counter), “Performs Parallel-to-Serial Conversion”, or “Bidirectional Interface Between GTLP Signal Levels and LVTTL LOGIC Levels”. Some data sheets contain electrostatic discharge (ESD) or latch-up TEST results and the associated JEDEC TEST conditions. The following are explanations of some common features bullets.

features bullets一節(jié)是器件信息的集萃,包括器件的突出功能的、性能、優(yōu)勢。部分features bullets條目給出器件的功能性和應用性的要點,如“一個封裝內含8D型觸發(fā)器”,“3態(tài)輸出”,“進位輸出實現(xiàn)N位級聯(lián)”(對二進制計數(shù)而言),“完成并行到串行的轉換”或“GTLP信號電平和LVTTL電平邏輯電平間的雙向傳輸”。有的數(shù)據(jù)手冊還包括靜電或閂鎖測試結果以及對應的JEDEC測試條件。下面解釋幾個有共同性的features bullets :
[譯者語]features bullets,比較難譯,大抵就是前面關于[011]討論時說過“核心特性”或“特色特性”吧。歡迎大家發(fā)表自己的看法。

我也說過,這是接受英語以來,自個覺得此處是最有味的!

[041]

[041]

Flow-Through Architecture Optimizes PCB Layout
The data inputs and corresponding outputs are on opposite sides of the PACKAGE. This feature makes printed CIRCUIT board trace routing easier.

順向結構 優(yōu)化PCB布局
數(shù)據(jù)輸入端僅位于數(shù)據(jù)輸出端的對應一邊。該特點可以使印刷電路板布局相對容易。

[042]

[042]

Bus-Hold on Data Inputs Eliminates the Need for External Pullup/Pulldown Resistors
Active bus-hold CIRCUITry holds unused or undriven inputs at a valid LOGIC state. Use of pullup or pulldown resistors with the bus-hold CIRCUITry is not recommended. For more information on bus hold REFER to the TI application report, Bus-Hold CIRCUIT, literature NUMBER SCLA015.

數(shù)據(jù)輸入的總線握手排除了增加外置上拉下拉電阻的可能
有源總線握手電路確保有效邏輯電平狀態(tài)下不用或無驅動輸入。在總線握手電路不推薦使用上拉下拉電阻。關于總線握手的更多信息,參見TI應用報告“Bus-Hold CIRCUIT”,文編碼為SCLA015。

[譯注]Bus-Hold CIRCUIT一文的鏈接為:
http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scla015/scla015.pdf

59樓: >>參與討論
iC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解046~046

3.1.3 PACKAGE Options and Pinouts 封裝選項和引腳外形


[046]

[046]

This section contains a top-view illustration of the leaded-PACKAGE pinout(s) and a bottom view of certain nonleaded PACKAGEs. PACKAGE dimensions and other PACKAGE information is available in the MECHANICAL data section of the SEMICONDUCTOR GROUP Packaging Outlines Reference Guide, literature NUMBER SSYU001.

封裝選項和引腳外形
本節(jié)內容包括以插圖的形式就封裝外形做個概覽,或無鉛封裝的底視圖。封裝尺寸和其它封裝信息“the SEMICONDUCTOR GROUP Packaging Outlines Reference Guide”,文獻編號為SSYU001。
[譯注]譯者在網上找不到SSYU001,詳細可參考:
1 http://www.ti.com/sc/docs/PACKAGE/guide.htm
 

60樓: >>參與討論
iC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解047~047

3.1.4 DESCRIPTION


[047]

[047]

The DESCRIPTION section contains a written detailed explanation of the functionality and features of the DEVICE.

描述一節(jié),內容包括器件功能和特性的文字詳細說明。

>>返回目錄

61樓: >>參與討論
iC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解048~048

3.1.5 BGA Packaging Top-View Illustrations and Pin-Assignments Table


[048]

[048]

This section contains the top-view illustrations and pin assignments for applicable BGA PACKAGE types.

本節(jié)包括:適用BGA封裝類型的項視詳圖和引腳分配。

>>返回目錄

62樓: >>參與討論
iC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解049~054

3.1.6 Ordering Information 訂購信息


[049]

[049]

A table is provided that gives the fully qualified orderable PART NUMBER and topside symbolization for every PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE option of the DEVICE.

以一個表格給出器件的每種封裝全部可訂貨部分代碼和頂部標記。

[050]

[050]

TI has converted to an ADVANCED order-entry SYSTEM that provides significant improvements to all facets of TI business, from production, to order entry, to logistics. One requirement is a limitation of TI PART NUMBERs to no more than 18 characters. Based on customer inputs, TI determined that the least-disruptive implementations would be as outlined below:

此處怎么看怎么別扭,我暫不譯了,請大家指教了。

[051]

[051]

1. PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE alias
TI uses an alias to denote specific PACKAGE.html">PACKAGEs for DEVICE NUMBERs that exceed 18 characters. Table 1 shows a mapping of PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE codes to an alias representation.

1 封裝別名
TI用一個別名標記器件代碼超過18個字符的特定封裝。表1示出了封裝代碼與別名表示法的對照關系。
[譯者語]感覺有點別扭。


Table 1. PACKAGE.html">PACKAGE Alias

CURRENT PACKAGE CODE

ALIAS

DL

L

DGG/DBB

G

DGV

V

GKE/GKF/GQL

K

DLR

LR –tape/reel packing

DGGR/DBBR

GR –tape/reel packing

DGVR

VR –tape/reel packing

GKER/GKFR/GQLR

KR –tape/reel packing


當前型號Current: SN74 ALVCH 162269A DGGR
新型號New: SN74 ALVCH 162269A GR


[052]

[052]

2.      RESISTOR-option nomenclature
For DEVICE NUMBERs of more than 18 characters and with input and OUTPUT RESISTORs, TI has adopted a simplified nomenclature to designate the RESISTOR option. This eliminates the redundant “2” (designating OUTPUT RESISTORs) when the PART NUMBER also contains an “R” (designating input/OUTPUT RESISTORs).



OUTPUT RESISTOR Current: SN74 ALVCH R 16 2 245 A
New: SN74 ALVCH R 16  245 A

2 命名中的電阻選項
對器件型號代碼超過18個字符和帶輸入輸出型號,TI用簡單的命名方法來標識電阻選項。在型號代碼中含有(標識輸入/輸出電阻)的字母“R”時,(新型號)剔除了目前型號中的“2”(用于標識輸出電阻)。





輸出電阻目前的型號: SN74 ALVCH R 16 2 245 A
輸出電阻新的型號: SN74 ALVCH R 16  245 A

[053]

[053]

There is no change to the DEVICE or data-sheet electrical parameters. The PACKAGE.html">PACKAGEs involved and the changes in nomenclature are given in Table 1.

器件或數(shù)據(jù)手冊電器參數(shù)不變,表1給出了與封裝有關的命名術語變化。

[054]

[054]




>>返回目錄

63樓: >>參與討論
iC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解055~058

3.1.7 Function Table 功能表



[055]

[055]

The function table illustrates the expected LOGIC values on the OUTPUTs, when the inputs have the given stimuli applied.

輸入端施以給定激勵時,功能表詳盡地給出輸出端所期望的邏輯值。


The following symbols are used in function tables on TI data sheets:
TI數(shù)據(jù)手冊功能表所使用的符號如下:

H

=

high level (steady state)高電平(準備狀態(tài))

L

=

low level (steady state)低電平(準備狀態(tài))


=

transition from low to high level由低到高的階躍


=

transition from high to low level同高到低的階躍


=

value/level or resulting value/level is routed to indicated destination值/電平或返回的值/電平送給目標單元

←⌒

=

value/level is re-entered值/電平的返回

X

=

irrelevant (any input, including transitions)無關(任何輸入,包括任何階躍)

Z

=

off (high-impedance) state of a 3-state OUTPUT三態(tài)輸出的關斷狀態(tài)(高阻)

a….h

=

the level of steady-state inputs A through H, respectively.準備狀態(tài)下的各種輸入端的電平A~H

Q0

=

level of Q before the indicated steady-state input conditions were established表示輸入端準備狀態(tài)條件建立前的業(yè)已確定的Q端(輸出端)電平

/Q0

=

complement of Q0 or level of /Q before the indicated steady-state input conditions were established即Q0的補或表示輸入端準備狀態(tài)條件建立前的業(yè)已確定的/Q端(輸出端)電平

Qn

=

level of Q before the most-recent active transition indicated by ↓ or ↑用↓或↑表示的最近有效跳變前的Q端電平


=

one high-level PULSE一個高電平脈沖


=

one low-level PULSE一個低電平脈沖

Toggle

=

each OUTPUT changes to the complement of its previous level on each active transition indicated by ↓ or ↑ 用↓或↑表示的各個有效跳變,各輸出端變?yōu)橹把a值電平


 

64樓: >>參與討論
iC921
研討翻譯:TI標準邏輯數(shù)據(jù)手冊術語符號的解釋與理解059~065

Table 2. Function Table

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

OUTPUTS

OUTPUTS

OUTPUTS


MODE

MODE


SERIAL

SERIAL

PARALLEL

PARALLEL

PARALLEL

PARALLEL





CLEAR

S1

S0

CLOCK

LEFT

RIGHT

A

B

C

D

QA

QB

QC

QD

L

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

L

L

L

L

H

X

X

L

X

X

X

X

X

X

QA0

QB0

QC0

QD0

H

H

H


X

X

a

b

c

d

a

b

c

d

H

L

H


X

H

H

H

H

H

H

QAn

QBn

QCn

H

L

H


X

L

L

L

L

L

L

QAn

QBn

QCn

H

H

L


H

X

X

X

X

X

QBn

QCn

QDn

H

H

H

L


L

X

X

X

X

X

QBn

QCn

QDn

L

H

L

L

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

QA0

QB0

QC0

QD0



[059]

[059]

The first row of the table represents a synchronous clearing of the register and states that, if clear is low, all four OUTPUTs will be reset low, regardless of the other inputs, which are denoted by X. In the following rows, clear is inactive (high); therefore, it has no effect.

表2的第一行表示寄存器的同步清除和與狀態(tài),----如果清除端為低,所有4個輸出端將至低,不管其它以X表示的輸入端如何。隨后的各行,因清除端處于無效的高電平,故不對它(clear)作出響應。

[060]

[060]

The second row shows that, as LONG as the clock input remains low (while clear is high), no other input has any effect, and the OUTPUTs maintain the levels they assumed before the steady-state combination of clear high and clock low was established. Because, on other rows of the table ONLY the rising transition of the clock is shown to be active, the second row implicitly shows that no further change in the OUTPUTs occurs while the clock remains high or on the high-to-low transition of the clock.

如表2第2行所示,只要時鐘為高(同時清除端為高),沒有任何其它輸入是有效的,同時輸出端保持于所假定的與clear為高前穩(wěn)定組合狀態(tài)的電平,且時鐘為低已經確定。因在功能表的其它行里僅時鐘的出現(xiàn)上升沿才有效,這就暗示著在時鐘保持為高或由高到低跳變時,第2行的輸出端始終不會變化。

[061]

[061]

The third row of the table represents synchronous parallel loading of the register and states that if S1 and S0 are both high, then, without regard to the serial input, the data entered at A is at OUTPUT QA, data entered at B is at QB, and so forth, following a low-to-high clock transition.

表2中第三行表示計數(shù)器的同步平行的加載,和表明如果S1和S0為高電平,那么它就不是連續(xù)輸入,在時鐘由低向高跳變后,在A端的數(shù)據(jù)輸入則在QA端輸出,在B端的數(shù)據(jù)輸入將在QB端輸出,等等。

[062]

[062]

The fourth and fifth rows represent the loading of high- and low-level data, respectively, from the shift-right serial input and the shifting of previously entered data one bit; data previously at QA is now at QB, the previous levels of QB and QC are now at QC and QD, respectively, and the data previously at QD no LONGer is in the register. This entry of serial data and shift takes place on the low-to-high transition of the clock when S1 is low and S0 is high, and the levels at inputs A through D have no effect.

第四和第五行表示分別加載高電平和低電平的數(shù)據(jù),即從右移位串行輸入,先移入的一位數(shù)據(jù),先前的數(shù)據(jù)位QA現(xiàn)在變成QB,先前的QB和QC電平現(xiàn)在分別是QC和QD的電平,且先前QD的數(shù)據(jù)不再存在于計數(shù)器中。串行數(shù)據(jù)和轉移的開始發(fā)生在時鐘的低向高的跳變之時,若S1為低且S0為高,輸入端A~D的電平沒有作用。

[063]

[063]

The sixth and seventh rows represent the loading of high- and low-level data, respectively, from the shift-left serial input and the shifting of previously entered data one bit; data previously at QB is now at QA, the previous levels of QC and QD now are at QB and QC, respectively, and the data previously at QA no LONGer is in the register. This entry of serial data and shif
65樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
[059]中的states是動詞,不是名詞“狀態(tài)”
The first row of the table represents a synchronous clearing of the register and states that, if clear is low, all four outputs will be reset low, regardless of the other inputs, which are denoted by X.
這里的states是動詞,意思基本與represents相同,后面的that從句作states的賓語。

表2的第一行說明寄存器同步清除(功能/邏輯),如果clear端為低,那么不管其它輸入端如何(以X表示),所有4個輸出端都將被復位到低。

66樓: >>參與討論
iC921
我原來譯得就不好,但我當時就是覺得它是represents的賓語
這個地方我一直是疑惑的,但一直認為that后面就是對“同步清除”后各種輸出“states(狀態(tài))”的描述,亦即是定語之類的。

唉,現(xiàn)在也不敢確定我的這個觀點是否對,----有個MM說她語法好,想辦法請她來看看。

謝謝asunmad!
這個地方我想再弄清楚一點,我可能有什么地方認識不到位的問題。

67樓: >>參與討論
iC921
to asunmad
詢問結果,也是你對的。這樣的誤解我肯定還有的是,今后多多指教!

68樓: >>參與討論
asunmad
指教不敢當,繼續(xù)探討一下[060]段。
[060]
第一句原文如下。為了方便理解,加了些符號。箭頭前為從句,后為主句,主句本身為一個并列句。combination指的就是后面斜體字部分。
The second row shows that, as LONG as the clock input remains low (while clear is high), ①no other input has any effect, and ②the outputs maintain the levels they assumed before the steady-state combination of clear high and clock low was established.
譯文:
第二行說明:只要時鐘輸入保持為低(同時“清除”端為高),那么其它輸入都不起作用,并且各輸出端將維持它們在“清除”為高、時鐘為低這一穩(wěn)定組態(tài)建立起來之前所具有的電平。

第二句Because, on other rows of the table ONLY the rising transition of the clock is shown to be active, the second row implicitly shows that no further change in the outputs occurs while the clock remains high or on the high-to-low transition of the clock.
因為表中其它行里僅時鐘的上升沿說明為有效的,所以第二行暗示著在時鐘保持為高或由高到低跳變時,輸出端始終不會變化。

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-6-3 12:17:11 修改者:asunmad

69樓: >>參與討論
neulgg
很好,但愿有人接下去!
 

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-6-4 18:27:59 修改者:neulgg

70樓: >>參與討論
neulgg
謝謝斑竹 您辛苦了!
 

* - 本貼最后修改時間:2005-6-4 18:29:41 修改者:neulgg

71樓: >>參與討論
wcb82828
TO:zhousd
什么真正的前輩高人,能做出對別人有益的事就是高人。kasami做錯了嗎?你屁事不做還在這批人。
casami我支持你,盡管我現(xiàn)在還有不著這些資料。當然也謝謝宇宙飛船!

72樓: >>參與討論
iQanalog
[060]明白多了!
謝謝asunmad,我準備接續(xù)后面的下去了。為了加快速度,質量可能要下降許多,請盡量多加糾正和指點!

73樓: >>參與討論
ypj005
這份應用報告有五個主要部分,何如?
 
74樓: >>參與討論
iQanalog
具體說說你的分法,何如?
ypj005 發(fā)表于 2005-7-8 16:27 模擬技術 ←返回版面    

這份應用報告有五個主要部分,何如?


75樓: >>參與討論
sillboy
收藏了
 
76樓: >>參與討論
elic

沒有續(xù)集了,很期待啊

77樓: >>參與討論
oo

沒有了嗎

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